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Reduction in the Tropical High Cloud Fraction in Response to an Indirect Weakening of the Hadley Cell
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  • S. R. Monisha Natchiar,
  • Mark J Webb,
  • Francis Hugo Lambert,
  • Geoffrey K Vallis,
  • Cyril Julien Morcrette,
  • Christopher E Holloway,
  • Denis Sergeev
S. R. Monisha Natchiar
University of Exeter

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Mark J Webb
UK Met Office Hadley Centre
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Francis Hugo Lambert
University of Exeter
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Geoffrey K Vallis
University of Exeter
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Cyril Julien Morcrette
Met Office
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Christopher E Holloway
University of Reading, UK
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Denis Sergeev
University of Exeter
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Abstract

Tropical high cloud cover decreases with surface warming in most general circulation models. This reduction, according to the “stability-iris” hypothesis, is thermodynamically controlled and linked to a decrease in the radiatively-driven clear-sky convergence, when the peak anvil clouds rise because of the rising isotherms. The influence of the large-scale dynamical changes on the tropical high cloud fraction remains difficult to disentangle from the local thermodynamic influence, given that the mean meridional circulation remains inextricably tied to the local thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere. However, using idealized general circulation model (GCM) simulations, we propose a novel method to segregate the dynamical impact from the thermodynamic impact on the tropical high cloud fraction. To this end, our investigation primarily focuses on the mechanisms underpinning changes in the high cloud cover in the deep tropics in response to extratropical surface warming, when tropical sea surface temperatures remain invariant. We find that the relative importance of the net convective detrainment of ice cloud condensates to the cloud microphysical processes, such as the net depositional growth of ice aggregates, in controlling the tropical high cloud fraction is altitude-dependent.
30 Aug 2023Submitted to ESS Open Archive
11 Sep 2023Published in ESS Open Archive