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A Theoretical Study of the Tomographic Reconstruction of Magnetosheath X-ray Emissions
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  • Anders M Jorgensen,
  • R. Xu,
  • Tianran Sun,
  • Ya Huang,
  • Liang Li,
  • Lei Dai,
  • Chi Wang
Anders M Jorgensen
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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R. Xu
National Space Science Center
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Tianran Sun
National Space Science Center
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Ya Huang
Center of Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Liang Li
Tsinghua University
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Lei Dai
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Chi Wang
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Abstract

We present an initial assessment of using tomography on single-spacecraft images to reconstruct 3D X-ray emissions from the Earth’s magnetosheath. 3D structures in the Earth’s magnetosphere have been studied using superposed epoch techniques with single-point single-spacecraft observations. They have yielded great insights, but some studies are observation starved, particularly for infrequent solar wind conditions. Global imaging data have provided more insight about these structures, but are 2D projections of 3D structures. We explore the use of tomographic reconstruction techniques to understand what can be extracted from global images from a single spacecraft. The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) mission, due to launch in 2024 on a 3-year mission, will carry a soft X-ray imager which will capture emissions from portions of the magnetosheath and upstream solar wind. We already demonstrated that the 3D shape of the magnetopause and the bow shock can be extracted from such images with suitable assumptions. The next step is to examine whether full 3D reconstructions of the emissions are possible. We explore the limited range of viewing angles, which affect the accuracy of the reconstructions and introduce artifacts in some cases, and the low count-rates in the images which introduce noise in the reconstructions which must be filtered out. Despite these limitations we show that it is possible to reconstruct some aspects of the magnetosheath global morphology using single-spacecraft soft X-ray imaging. Plans for similar missions which overlap with SMILE, open the possibility of multi-spacecraft tomography, to be addressed in a separate paper.
Apr 2022Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics volume 127 issue 4. 10.1029/2021JA029948