Probing the southern African lithosphere with magnetotellurics, Part I,
model construction
Abstract
The Southern African Magnetotelluric Experiment (SAMTEX) involved the
collection of data at over 700 sites in Archean to Proterozoic southern
Africa, spanning features including the Kalahari Craton, Bushveld
Complex and voluminous kimberlites. Here, we present the first 3D
inversions of the full SAMTEX dataset. In this paper, we focus on
assessing the robustness of the 3D models by comparing two different
inversion codes, jif3D and ModEM, and two different subsets of the data,
one containing all acceptable data and the other containing a smaller
selection of undistorted, high-quality data. Results show that the main
conductive and resistive features are imaged by all inversions,
including deep resistive features in the central Kaapvaal Craton and
southern Congo Craton and a lithospheric-scale conductor beneath the
Bushveld Complex. Despite this, differences exist between the jif3D and
ModEM inverse models that derive mainly from the differences in
regularization between the models, with jif3D producing models that are
very smooth laterally and with depth, while ModEM produces models with
more discrete conductive and resistive features. Analysis of the
differences between these two inversions can provide a good indication
of the model resolution. More minor differences are apparent between
models run with different subsets of data, with the models containing
all acceptable data featuring higher wavelength conductivity variations
than those run with fewer stations but also demonstrating poorer data
fit.