The impact of sea-ice drift and ocean circulation on dispersal of
toothfish eggs and juveniles in the Ross Sea and Amundsen Sea
Abstract
Knowledge about the early life history of Antarctic toothfish
(Dissostichus mawsoni) is still incomplete, particularly on the
spatial and temporal extent of spawning and the subsequent transport of
eggs and juveniles from the offshore spawning areas to the continental
shelf. This study used a high-resolution hydrodynamic model to
investigate the impact of ocean circulation and sea-ice drift on the
dispersal of eggs and juvenile Antarctic toothfish. The virtual eggs
were released on seamounts of the Pacific-Antarctic ridge in the
northern Ross Sea and advected using hydrodynamical model data.
Particles were seeded annually over a 14-year period (2002 to 2016) and
tracked for three years after release. Spawning success was evaluated
based on the number of juveniles that reached known coastal recruitment
areas, in the eastern Ross and Amundsen Sea, within three years.
Observations show that juveniles (50-100 cm size class) are abundant on
the shelf and slope of the Ross and Amundsen Seas. Sensitivities to
certain juvenile behaviours were explored and showed that spawning
success was reduced by around 70% if juveniles drifted with sea-ice
during the second winter season as this carried them into the open ocean
away from the shelf region. Spawning success increased during the second
winter season if juveniles were entrained in the Ross Gyre circulation
or if they actively swam towards the shelf. These modelling results
suggest that the ecological advantage of sea-ice association in the
early life cycle of toothfish diminishes as they grow, promoting a
behaviour change during their second winter.