Using field observations to derive monitoring implications: New insights
from the recent activity of Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Abstract
The Mount Nyiragongo volcano is known for its active lava lake and for
major socio-economic issues raising from future possible eruptive events
having global impacts on the whole community living in the Virunga
region. The 2020 field expedition inside the summit crater has allowed
the collection of unprecedented field observations to state on the
current eruptive activity. Since the intra-crater event of February
2016, the lava lake level has been rising much faster than during the
2010-2016 period. The current activity reminds the 1970-1972 and
1994-1995 periods preceding the lava lake draining in 1977 and 2002,
respectively. Numerical simulations, successfully validated over the
past 30 years of data, show that the rising of the lava lake could slow
down in the next months/years and reach a critical equilibrium. However,
we calculate that the probability of a failure of the system in the
interval March 2024 - November 2027 is not negligible.