Repeating Long-Period earthquakes at Shishaldin volcano (Alaska):
insights into the source mechanism and relationship to volcano dynamics
Abstract
We look for repeating earthquakes at Shishaldin volcano (Alaska) by a
multi-stage clustering of the waveforms of a large catalog of
Long-Period (LP) earthquakes (about 330,000 events) occurring between
October 2003 and July 2004, that includes a minor eruption. We find
about 5,550 LP earthquakes with at least on repeater in the catalog;
they mostly occur in the interval December 2003 - March 2004. Repeaters
are composed of two ∼5-s wave packets. The first packet is a direct
source effect and its polarization dip angle points towards the
nucleation depth of the pressurization phenomenon triggering the conduit
resonance. The second packet is in the coda of the first one and is
dominated by scattered waves. Repeaters are LP events with common
pressurization position and triggering mechanism. The nucleation depths
of the overall LP seismicity and of the repeaters (inferred by the
polarization dip angle) show a sharp increase in January 2004 that
temporary matches the onset of the eruptive crisis, followed by a slow
nucleation depth increase in January-May 2004, that we interpret as a
fast pressure drop followed by a slow pressure build up in the feeding
system. During the latter stage, coda wave interferometry applied to
pairs of repeaters indicates a medium velocity increase. By simple
macroscopic modelling of the feeding system as a homogeneous porous
medium and a velocity increase as due to squeezing of fluid-filled
cracks, we estimate a pressure increase of 40 MPa in Dec 2003 - Apr
2004.