loading page

A Compact Solution for Improving the Spatial Density of Observations of Large Ground Level Enhancements
  • +1
  • Fraser Baird,
  • Keith Andrew Ryden,
  • Fan Lei,
  • Clive Dyer
Fraser Baird
University of Surrey

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

Author Profile
Keith Andrew Ryden
University of Surrey
Author Profile
Fan Lei
University of Surrey
Author Profile
Clive Dyer
CSDRadConsultancy
Author Profile

Abstract

Ground level enhancements (GLEs), which occur when high energy solar protons reach Earth, are a considerable space weather hazard for aviation activities. Neutron monitor (NM) observations of these events are the key input to operational models of ionising radiation at aviation altitudes. Similarly, the NM data is key to techniques for deriving anisotropic solar proton spectra during GLEs. A higher density of observations is desirable for both purposes. In this paper, a simple way of improving the density of observations is presented: the compact neutron monitor (CNM). This monitor uses the same detectors as soil moisture sensing networks. Three years of data from the CNM located in Guildford, UK, is shown presented. The solar cycle variation in cosmic rays is observed, alongside 4 Forbush decreases of varying magnitude. No GLEs were observed during this time, due to a lack of any events of sufficient magnitude to be observed. A future CNM station near Lerwick, UK is briefly described in addition to the Guildford station. The implications of the observations to date are discussed in the context of GLE detection. The CNM is complimentary to existing and emerging NM designs, and may be suitable for use as a reference point for the soil moisture monitoring networks. The suitability of the CNM to GLE detection can be extrapolated to the soil moisture networks in the case of large GLEs; in the event of one occurring, the data may provide unprecedented spatial resolution.
30 Oct 2024Submitted to ESS Open Archive
01 Nov 2024Published in ESS Open Archive