Abstract
The North Icelandic Jet (NIJ) is a significant contributor to the lower
limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, supplying
one-third to one-half of the overflow water transport through Denmark
Strait, including the densest portion. Dense water produced in the
Nordic Seas is banked up along the slope north of Iceland and can flow
relatively unimpeded across the Denmark Strait sill as part of the NIJ.
Major uncertainties remain regarding the mechanisms contributing to the
emergence of the NIJ northeast of Iceland. This study investigates these
mechanisms using a novel setup with a high-resolution, idealized model
for the north Icelandic slope. Initially, we set up a channel model
along the slope north of Iceland with differing slope geometry, no
external forcing, and horizontally uniform initial and boundary
conditions based on observations. Subsequently, we iteratively impose
highly idealized inflows and outflows as boundary conditions in the
west, emulating the North Icelandic Irminger Current (NIIC) inflow and
dense NIJ outflow through Denmark Strait. The model consistently
replicates key features of the NIJ, such as its mid-depth intensified
core associated with diverging isopycnals away from the slope. Our
results corroborate that a steeper slope, a stronger NIIC-like current,
and stronger cross-slope density gradients promote instabilities closely
related to the emerging NIJ-like current. Furthermore, the variability
of the models’ NIJ-like current is largely associated with passing
eddies, which might explain some of the observed occupations where the
NIJ features a double-core structure.