Dust Storm Influence on Gravity Wave Activity in the Nightside
Thermosphere of Mars
Abstract
Gravity waves in the thermosphere of Mars are complex and variable
phenomena capable of causing significant changes to processes in the
upper atmosphere of Mars, which can affect atmospheric escape. The
objective of this study is to determine how both dust storm activity and
variation in Local Solar Time (LST) affect thermospheric gravity wave
activity. Analyzing in-situ neutral Argon density data from the Mars
Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) satellite’s Neutral Gas and
Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS), we measure the strength of the gravity
wave activity across five nightside observation datasets in a variety of
dust conditions: three outside of the Martian Dust season with nominal,
low dust conditions, one during the 2018 Global Dust Storm (GDS), and
one during the regional C storm observed in Mars Year (MY) 34. From
nominal conditions, we find thermospheric gravity wave activity
increases on the nightside, as seen in previous studies, but is twice as
high post-midnight as it is pre-midnight. During the 2018 GDS, the
thermospheric gravity wave activity observed between 22:00 and 06:00 LST
is generally consistent with gravity wave activity observed during
nominal dust conditions. Between 18:00 and 22:00, however, gravity wave
activity during the 2018 GDS is ~7 times higher than the
weak activity seen during these LSTs in nominal dust conditions. A
similar effect is observed during the MY 34 regional C storm, during
which gravity wave activity increased in step with the global dust
loading.