A Schumann Resonance-based Quantity for Characterizing Day-to-day
Changes in Global Lightning Activity
Abstract
The importance of lightning has long been recognized from the point of
view of climate-related phenomena. However, the detailed investigation
of lightning on global scales is currently hindered by the incomplete
and spatially uneven detection efficiency of ground-based global
lightning detection networks and by the restricted spatio-temporal
coverage of satellite observations. We are developing different methods
for investigating global lightning activity based on Schumann resonance
(SR) measurements. SRs are global electromagnetic resonances of the
Earth-ionosphere cavity maintained by the vertical component of
lightning. Since charge separation in thunderstorms is gravity-driven,
charge is typically separated vertically in thunderclouds, so every
lightning flash contributes to the measured SR field. This circumstance
makes SR measurements very suitable for climate-related investigations.
In this study, 19 days of global lightning activity in January 2019 are
analyzed based on SR intensity records from 18 SR stations and the
results are compared with independent lightning observations provided by
ground-based (WWLLN, GLD360 and ENTLN) and satellite-based (GLM,
LIS/OTD) global lightning detection. Daily average SR intensity records
from different stations exhibit strong similarity in the investigated
time interval. The inferred intensity of global lightning activity
varies by a factor of 2-3 on the time scale of 3-5 days which we
attribute to continental-scale temperature changes related to cold air
outbreaks from polar regions. While our results demonstrate that the SR
phenomenon is a powerful tool to investigate global lightning, it is
also clear that currently available technology limits the detailed
quantitative evaluation of lightning activity on continental scales.