Abstract

Next generation sequencing technology has revolutionized all fields of living systems and its applications almost reinvented some research areas including metagenomics. The microbiotas in our body, including those of the oral, nasal, ocular, alveolar, skin regions and particularly gut microbiota, have close relations with our health status. Metagenomics enables medical research to uncover those links. Maturation of experimental techniques for metagenomics has been followed by the others for meta-transcriptomics, meta-proteomics and all the possible counterparts of multi-omics studies. Now we are on the eve of a meta-multiomics era for the analysis of human holobiome in medical researches. This era will help to illuminate the relationship between human holobiome and all medical conditions including not only cancer, infectious diseases, auto-immune diseases, obesity, aging and genetic disorders, but also psychiatric conditions.