Abstract
Total Least Squares (TLS) or orthogonal regression is used to remedy
attenuation bias in optimal fingerprinting regressions. Consistency
properties in multivariate applications require strong assumptions about
unobservable variance ratios. Monte Carlo analysis is used herein to
examine coefficient biases when the explanatory variables are correlated
and have heterogeneous error variances. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
exhibits the expected attenuation bias patterns which vanish as the
noise variances on the explanatory variable disappear. TLS is generally
more biased than OLS except under homogeneous noise variances. When the
explanatory variables are negatively correlated TLS imparts a large
upward bias which gets worse as the noise variance on the explanatory
variable gets smaller. In general without specific diagnostic
information TLS should not be considered an improvement on OLS and can
yield extremely biased coefficients.