Abstract
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Grid-forming (GFM) inverters are anticipated to play an essential role
in facilitating the integration of renewable energy in bulk power
systems. The fault-ride through (FRT) of GFM inverters and its impact on
traditional protection schemes is an ongoing research topic. Distance
protection is today one of the most commonly applied protection schemes
and depends on multiple system preconditions for reliable operation —
many of which may no longer hold in systems with a high penetration of
inverters. This paper investigates the impacts of GFM inverters on
distance protection, with the main objective to provide an improved
understanding of the topic. Important interoperability issues are
highlighted with simulation results and elaborated upon based on the
theory behind the distance relay model and the behaviors of GFM
inverters during faults. The simulations consider numerous fault types
and two GFM inverters employing different current-limiting control
techniques in their FRT strategies.