Simulating mixed-phase clouds over coastal Antarctica during a
significant snowfall event in a high-resolution regional model
Abstract
Global climate models and reanalysis products have revealed large,
persistent downwelling shortwave radiation biases over the Southern
Ocean and coastal Antarctica. The biases are hypothesized to be caused
by the incapability of models to accurately simulate the frequent
occurrence of low-level mixed-phase clouds in these regions. In this
study, we use the ground-based observations collected at Davis,
Antarctica during the Precipitation over Land and The Southern Ocean
(PLATO) field campaign in austral summer of 2019 to assess the
capability of the high-resolution regional Unified Model (UM) to
reproduce precipitating clouds off coastal Antarctica. We test the new
UM double-moment Cloud AeroSol Interacting Microphysics (CASIM) scheme,
running at the spatial resolution of 1.5-km and 100-m. We compare it to
the previous single-moment cloud microphysics scheme at the same
resolutions. The atmospheric configurations with double-moment cloud
microphysics exhibit marginally degraded meteorological conditions
relative to single-moment configurations compared with observations. For
cloud properties, the UM regional models can generally simulate the
phase, vertical structure and timing of events during the sublimation
and precipitation periods. Nevertheless, overestimated ice water path
and potentially underestimated liquid water path contribute to positive
surface shortwave biases and negative longwave biases. The single moment
microphysics simulates more liquid water path, though we suggest for the
wrong reasons due to its ice nucleating parameterization. Our results
suggest that the new double-moment cloud microphysics scheme, while
having reduced performance in some respects, has large potential to
better represent low-level mixed phase clouds for this region.