Evaluating the ecosystem services management style of a national-level
river policy by content analysis: Using China’s “River Chief” Policy
as a case study
Abstract
The majority of river restoration initiatives are driven by new
environmental policies. However, evaluation of management styles for
ecosystem services (ESs) within river policies and their implications
for restoration has been rarely investigated. This paper aims to
evaluate the way in which environmental policy manages river ESs and
river restoration initiatives. A content analysis-based approach applied
to policy documents was undertaken on China’s River Chief (CRC) policy.
ESs attributes were summarized according to categories, values,
relationships, and stakeholders. Subsequently, a hierarchical evaluation
indicator system, along with its graded keywords, was developed. The
occurrence frequencies of these keywords in policy documents were then
used to measure the policy regulatory degrees of ESs indicators. The
reference values extracted from literature statistics of peer-reviewed
papers served as a template to clarify the ESs management style. We
found that the CRC policy primarily relied on the management of ESs
categories and stakeholders, followed by ESs relationships, with
extremely limited consideration of river ESs values. Moreover, the
bundle of those ESs incorporated into the policy significantly differ
from the typical structure of the ESs provided by rivers. For
stakeholders, the CRC policy relies heavily on the authorities and the
farm/business operators to manage the rivers. This case study showed a
partial and pattern-mismatch management style of river ESs, which will
hamper the holistic restoration of rivers. We concluded that the
proposed policy document-based evaluation approach can help to identify
the policy deficiency in relation to river ESs management, and river
restoration possibilities.