Abstract
Estuarine exchange flow regulates all aspects of estuarine
biogeochemical processes, especially residence time. However, the
motivation for residence time studies is biogeochemistry, and this can
be influenced by much more than the exchange flow, depending on the
tracer in question. In this study, we analyzed realistic simulations
from a coupled physical-biological model to quantify the
volume-integrated budgets of heat, total nitrogen (TN), and dissolved
oxygen (DO) in the Salish Sea and its inner basins. The goal was to
determine the relative importance of the exchange flow compared to other
processes.
The three budgets reveal that the exchange flow always plays a leading
role, with a clear annual cycle, but is balanced by a different
collection of other terms in each case. The heat budget is primarily a
balance between the exchange flow cooling and atmospheric heating, with
both terms peaking in the summer. The time variation of TN is dominated
by the exchange flow, but the annual average is dominated by sources
from rivers and wastewater and a sink from benthic denitrification. The
DO budget has the most complex set of influences, with sinks due to the
exchange flow and respiration, balanced by sources from photosynthesis
and air-sea transfer. In all three budgets the difference between the
inflow and outflow tracer concentrations, greatly affected by coastal
wind conditions, determines the distinct seasonality of the exchange
flow budget terms. In contrast, variation of the exchange flow volume
transport plays a minor role.