Temperature drives inter-annual variation in badger (Meles meles)
predation of lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) on Scottish hill-edge farmland
Abstract
“‘latex
Wading birds have declined globally with pronounced declines in Western
Europe. Multiple species are now IUCN Red listed, with northern lapwing
(Vanellus vanellus) near threatened and declining. Declines have been
attributed to poor breeding success due to high rates of predation on
nests and chicks, by avian and mammalian predators. In Britain badgers
(Meles meles) have increased their range and abundance, and can occur at
high densities, with potential for acute local predation impacts on
vulnerable wader populations. However, factors affecting rates of badger
predations on wader nests remain unexplored. Using data from six years
of lapwing nest monitoring at a key breeding site in North-East
Scotland, we aimed to identify the factors associated with badger nest
predation. The overall probability of badger predation was above 0.1
when mean daily temperature was below 4 °C in the 7 days before a nest’s
completion, dropping close to zero when above 10 °C. Predation on
lapwing clutches also increased with earthworm availability, and
inter-annual effects were observed matching variations in temperature,
whereby intense badger predation in 2021 coincided with unseasonably
cold temperatures. This highlights the potential for weather forecasting
to be used to deploy pre-emptive management strategies to mitigate
badger predation impacts on lapwing nests.