Abstract
Coastal hypoxia often develops in stratified estuaries, where river
plume expansion and bottom salinity intrusion coexist. However, how
surface plume fronts alter bottom hypoxia is not straightforward. In
situ observations in the Pearl River Estuary showed that bottom hypoxia
can be alleviated by frontal subductions. We observed a bottom-attached
subductionevent during the passage of an active front, driven by surface
convergence with weak mixing. This subduction effectively transports
surface dissolved oxygen (DO)-rich waters to the bottom, increasing
bottom DO concentrations. While this downward transport is often
suppressed by a mid-depth barrier layer in the three-layer stratified
flow, it can move along the sloping isopycnal during the slack tide. Our
findings reveal a mechanism that frontal processes can mitigate hypoxia
via the subduction of surface DO-rich waters along tilted isopycnals
during the slack tide, thereby helping improve the numerical modelling
accuracy of the extent and degree of coastal hypoxia.