Proteomic Analysis of Plasma in Healthy Adults Receiving Recombinant
Vaccinia Virus Provides Novel Insights into HIV-1 Neutralizing
Antibodies
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still a global public
health issue, and the development of an effective prophylactic HIV
vaccine inducing potent neutralizing antibodies remains a significant
challenge for the scientific community. This study aims to explore the
protein factors associated with the induction of neutralizing antibodies
by the rTV vaccine. In our study, we employed the Olink chip to analyze
the inflammation-related proteins in plasma in healthy individuals
receiving HIV candidate vaccine (DNA priming and recombinant vaccinia
virus rTV boosting) and compared the differences between neutralizing
antibody-positive and -negative groups. We identified 25 differentially
expressed factors and conducted enrichment analysis and correlation
analysis on them. Our results revealed significant expression
differences in artemin (ARTN) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 23 (CCL23)
between individuals who were positive and negative for neutralizing
antibodies. Notably, the expression of CCL23 was inversely proportional
to the capacity to produce neutralizing antibodies and correlated with
the intensity of the cellular immune response. Additionally, the immune
response of T cells in the positive group exhibited higher specificity,
further supporting our conclusions. This study not only enriches our
understanding of the immune mechanism of the rTV vaccine, but also
provides important data for future vaccines.