Contamination impact mitigation in water distribution networks through
consumer demand control
Abstract
Amidst the time-consuming process of conducting laboratory tests to
confirm contamination incidents, utilities must promptly implement
measures to mitigate the impact of potential contamination without undue
overreaction. This paper proposes a novel approach for mitigating the
impact of contamination threats (an unconfirmed contamination event) in
smart water networks. By leveraging smart valves, the consumer flows are
regulated to create a decreasing pressure gradient from the
contamination source to a flushing point, facilitating efficient
contamination flushing with minimal consumer inconvenience. The
decreasing pressure gradients are formulated as constraints within an
online optimization problem. Additionally, two methods for identifying
these pressure constraints are presented. To assess the efficacy of the
proposed framework, testing is conducted using a realistic water network
model.