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\begin{document}

\title{The Post-2020 Surge in Global Atmospheric Methane Observed in
Ground-based Observations}



\author[1]{Jennifer Wu}%
\author[1]{Sherry Luo}%
\author[2]{Zhao-Cheng Zeng}%
\author[3]{Alex Turner}%
\author[4]{Debra Wunch}%
\author[5]{Omaira García}%
\author[6]{Frank Hase}%
\author[7]{Rigel Kivi}%
\author[8]{Hirofumi Ohyama}%
\author[8]{Isamu Morino}%
\author[9]{Ralf Sussmann}%
\author[10]{Markus Rettinger}%
\author[11]{Yao Té}%
\author[12]{Nicholas Michael Deutscher}%
\author[12]{David W.T Griffith}%
\author[13]{Kei Shiomi}%
\author[14]{Cheng Liu}%
\author[15]{Justus Notholt}%
\author[16]{Laura T Iraci}%
\author[17]{David Frank Pollard}%
\author[18]{Thorsten Warneke}%
\author[1]{Coleen Marie Roehl}%
\author[19]{Thomas J Pongetti}%
\author[20]{Stanley Sander}%
\author[1]{Yuk L. Yung}%
\affil[1]{California Institute of Technology}%
\affil[2]{Peking University}%
\affil[3]{University of Washington}%
\affil[4]{University of Toronto}%
\affil[5]{Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), CIAI}%
\affil[6]{Institut fuer Meteorologie und}%
\affil[7]{Finnish Meteorological Institute}%
\affil[8]{National Institute for Environmental Studies}%
\affil[9]{Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU}%
\affil[10]{Karlsruhe Institute of Technology}%
\affil[11]{Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères (LERMA-IPSL)}%
\affil[12]{University of Wollongong}%
\affil[13]{Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency}%
\affil[14]{University of Science and Technology of China}%
\affil[15]{Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen}%
\affil[16]{NASA Ames Research Center}%
\affil[17]{National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research}%
\affil[18]{University of Bremen}%
\affil[19]{NASA-JPL}%
\affil[20]{Jet Propulsion Laboratory}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 23, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas with high radiative forcing and
a relatively short atmospheric lifetime of around a decade. We used a
decade-long dataset (2011-2022) from the Fourier transform spectrometer
at the California Laboratory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CLARS-FTS)
to quantify a dramatic increase in methane observed in 2020. We report
an increase of 1.13 ppb/month starting in 2020 until the end of 2021,
compared to a growth rate of 0.345 ppb/month from 2016 to 2019. The
observed increase in methane concentrations in 2020 is of significant
concern due to its potential contribution to global warming. The Total
Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is then used to examine the
global geospatial variability of the increase in methane. The results
suggest an approximately uniform rise in methane globally. Finally,
results from a two-box model used to simulate atmospheric chemical
processes of methane production and loss indicate that changes in OH
alone are insufficient to explain the rise in atmospheric methane.
Encouragingly, recent data from 2022 suggest a deceleration in the
methane growth rate, indicating a potential slowdown in the methane
increase observed in 2020.%
\end{abstract}%



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