Introduction: Disrespect and abuse during childbirth represents a pervasive issue worldwide. In Rwanda, however, research in this area remains scarce. This study evaluated the factors linked to disrespect and abuse during labor and delivery in two Rwandan district hospitals. Methods: Employing a mixed method, cross-sectional design, we studied 280 women giving birth at Kabutare and Kibagabaga hospitals. Analysis was conducted with SPSS version 22, using the Chi-square test to identify factors correlated with childbirth-related disrespect and abuse. Results: Our findings revealed that 27% of women reported verbal abuse and 27.5% reported abandonment by healthcare providers, with 12% experiencing physical abuse during childbirth. Factors increasing the likelihood of experiencing disrespect and abuse included residing in rural areas [AOR=4.06, 95% CI (1.12, 14.7); p=0.03], having only primary education [AOR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.10-8.9, p=0.04], and night-time delivery [AOR=2.23, 95% CI (1.34, 3.03); p=0.03]. However, having a cesarean delivery [AOR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.09-0.59, p=0.002] or having attended antenatal care [AOR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.13-0.81, p=0.029] significantly reduced the risk of such experiences. Conclusion: The study uncovers a high incidence of disrespect and abuse during labor and delivery in Rwanda. The identified risk factors, namely rural residence, lower education, and night-time delivery, highlight specific areas requiring targeted intervention. The results advocate for effective measures to ensure dignified and equitable maternity care for all women.