Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of severe
respiratory diseases in children, especially in infants. The immune
responses induced by RSV infection are a fairly complex process that can
contribute significantly to disease severity. Despite decades of
research on RSV, many immune mechanisms remain to be explored. A full
exploration of these immune response can contribute to the discovery of
new therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. Despite substantial
progress in vaccine development and the development of monoclonal
antibodies over the years, there are still not enough effective
preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on how the
immune system reacts when children contract the respiratory syncytial
virus. We described the biological characteristics of RSV, the
pathological process of RSV infection, innate immunity(including
Pattern Recognition Receptors and inflammatory cells), adaptive
immunity (including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and Humoral Immune Response),
and immune evasion. Understanding the complicated immune response to RSV
infection is essential for developing effective interventions and
vaccine developments. This review will enable an appreciation of how RSV
affects the immune system and enhance the advancement of pragmatic
therapeutic methodologies.