Long-term field studies are critical for safeguarding biodiversity: a
new concept and concern
Abstract
Changes in species abundance and distribution are driven by short-term
interactions between individuals and their environment, as well as by
long-term shifts in climate, prey abundance, disease outbreaks and
predators, acting across generations. Unfortunately, management of
wildlife populations by humans has often overlooked these long-term
effects. This approach has resulted in an overestimation of nature’s
resilience, leading to overharvesting and contributing to the decline
and extinction of species. Field studies that document species
demography over sufficiently long periods to understand the drivers of
change are rare but crucial for sustainable management. In our view,
these datasets should be recognised as World Heritage Ecological Time
Series (WHETS). To counteract biodiversity loss, it is essential to
document, preserve, and develop existing WHETS. We illustrate the value
of such time series using the example of the Kattegat-Skagerrak Sea
Region harbour seal (Phoca vitulina).