Inter-atrial Septal Balloon Dilation to Facilitate Intracardiac
Echocardiography Guided Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion
Abstract
Background: Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is
traditionally performed under general anesthesia with trans-esophageal
echocardiography guidance. Intracardiac echo (ICE) guided LAAO closure
is increasing in clinical use. The ICE catheter is crossed into LA via
interatrial septum (IAS) after the septum is dilated with LAAO delivery
sheath. This step can be time-consuming and requires significant ICE
catheter manipulation increasing the risk of cardiac perforation.
Pre-emptive septal balloon dilation can potentially help with the
advancement of ICE in LA. Objective: Evaluate the effect of pre-dilation
of IAS with an 8 mm balloon on ease of crossing the ICE catheter,
fluoroscopy time for crossing, and overall procedure time. Methods: The
Piedmont LAAO registry was used to identify consecutive patients
undergoing LAAO. The initial 25 patients where balloon dilation of IAS
was performed served as the experimental cohort, and the 25 consecutive
patients prior to that in whom balloon dilation was not performed,
served as controls. For the experimental group, after a trans-septal
puncture, the sheath was retracted to the right atrium with guide wire
still in the LA. An 8x40 mm Evercoss™ over the wire balloon was inflated
across the IAS. The ICE catheter was then crossed into the LA using the
fluoroscopic landmark of the guide wire and the ICE imaging. The sheath
was then advanced along the ICE catheter via the transseptal puncture
(TSP) and the procedure continued. Follow up CT imaging was obtained in
4-8 weeks. Results: Each group included 25 patients. There were no
significant differences in baseline characteristics. All procedures were
performed successfully with the use of conscious sedation and ICE
guidance. There was a significant reduction in overall procedure time,
fluoroscopy time, and time for trans-septal puncture to ICE in LA. There
was no difference in the size of the acute residual interatrial shunt as
measured via ICE or size and presence of iatrogenic ASD at follow up.
Conclusion: Balloon dilation of TSP is safe and associated with
increased efficiencies in ICE guided LAAO procedures.