Abstract
Understanding the physical mechanisms which contribute towards the rapid
intensification of flash droughts is crucial for improving their
forecasts. These mechanisms are difficult to elucidate using statistical
techniques due to the complex interactions between land surface and
atmospheric processes. In order to overcome this limitation, we use a
slab model to model the coupled energy and water balance of the land and
atmosphere. We develop an analytical framework to disentangle the
influence of external forcings and system response driven by the state
variables using the energy and water balance equations of the model. We
apply the model to six locations selected from different climate regions
of India to identify the physical mechanisms of flash droughts. We find
that most flash droughts in India happen during the monsoon season, with
higher frequency in humid regions of Northeast India and Southern
Peninsular India. We find that all flash droughts occur during periods
of deficient rainfall and the drying is predominantly driven by net
shortwave radiation. However, the flash droughts differ in terms of
contribution of winds towards drying, based on which we classify the
flash drought mechanisms into three types: (a) flash droughts with
wind-driven intensification due to land-atmospheric feedback (b) flash
droughts with minimal contribution of winds towards drying and (c) flash
droughts with wind-driven intensification due to advected heat. We also
show that although the enhanced vapor pressure deficit is a frequently
recurring feature of flash droughts, it is not necessarily the most
relevant contributor in their development.