Trophic energy flows increase in more diverse communities of coastal
food webs: Testing the vertical diversity hypothesis
Noboru Okuda1, 5, Zin’ichi Karube2,
Yoichiro Sakai3, Tomohiro Takeyama4,
Ichiro Tayasu5
Chikage Yoshimizu5, Toshi Nagata6
1Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University,
e-mail:nokuda@people.kobe-u.ac.jp;2Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Kindai
University, e-mail:karube@hiro.kindai.ac.jp;3Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, e-mail:sakai-y@lberi.jp;4Department of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama
University of Science, e-mail:takeyama@big.ous.ac.jp;5Research Institute for Humanity & Nature, National
Institutes for the Humanities, e-mail:ichirotayasu@chikyu.ac.jpto IT, chikage@chikyu.ac.jpto CY; 6Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The
University of Tokyo, e-mail:nagata@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Statement of authorship: NO took a leading role in designing the study,
data analysis and writing the manuscript; ZK, SY, and TT collected the
field data; IT, CY, and TN conducted the stable isotope analysis.
Data accessibility statement: Should this manuscript be accepted,
unpublished data supporting the results will be archived in Dryad and
the data are available fromhttps://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rn8pk0pbk.
A short running title: Testing vertical diversity hypothesis
Keywords: Benthic macroinvertebrate, Biodiversity–Ecosystem
functioning, Food chain length, Horizontal diversity, Integrated trophic
position, Multitrophic system, Size-based food web, Stable isotope
analysis, Trophic transfer efficiency, Vertical diversity
The type of article: Letter
The number of words in the abstract: 149 words
The number of words in the main text: 4999 words
The number of words in each text box: 386 words for supplementary boxes
The number of references: 84
The number of figures: 4
The number of tables: 0 (6 supplementary tables)
The number of text boxes: 0 (1 supplementary boxes)
Correspondence author: Noboru Okuda
Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Kobe,
P.O. BOX 657-8501, JAPAN
Tel +81 78 803 5733; Fax +81 78 803 5733; e-mail:nokuda@people.kobe-u.ac.jp