Abstract
Ecosystems may exhibit transient (the period toward stable state) and
alternative stable states, where positive feedback(s) generally plays
important roles. However, the outline between transient and alternative
stable states may blur when involving multiple positive feedbacks, which
may shift dominance along environmental gradient. Therefore, a common
theoretical framework considering multiple positive feedbacks is needed.
Specifically, this study employed a mechanic model to explain a long
transient state of a dryland ecosystem after restoration under effects
of two positive feedbacks. We found that the long transient state might
be a temporal visit of a hidden alternative stable state, maintained by
the previously on-acting positive feedback and then pulled out by the
upcoming feedback due to dominance shifting. This work proposes a novel
perspective to study system dynamics – switch of positive feedbacks,
and discovers a new type of transient state – temporal visit of hidden
alternative stable states, which will benefit ecosystem interventions in
practical.