Figure legends
Fig. 1. Dicyclophora persica . (a) The annual species
growing across seasonal streamline basin, (b) An umbel with enlarged
white peripheral ray flowers that centered on purplish black club-like
organ (c) The uniform cage-like umbellets (large circles) and remnant of
dried club-like organ (small circle), (c’) Side view of an umbellet with
a ring of hairy staminate flowers (yellow arrow) centered on a sessile
hairy fruit (black arrow).
Fig. 2. The study area of Dicyclophora persica in Ab-e
Garm Genu, N Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan province, south Iran.
Fig. 3. The development of an umbel in Dicyclophora
persica . (a) The umbel meristem fractionates centripetally involucral
bracts (ib) and umbellets (umb). The center of umbel (yellow circle) is
naked, (b) The peripheral umbellets enlarged whereas the inner ones
start to initiate. Rarely, small segments are initiate in center of
umbel (circle), (c) Peripheral umbellets fractionate floral meristems
(fm) as unidirectional sequence from abaxial to adaxial, followed by
incurving towards umbel center, (d) The floral primordia on inner
umbellets formed as modified helical model. The umbel center is still
naked, (e) It starts to bulge along with inception of floral organs in
inner flowers and elongation in peripheral flowers (arrow). The head of
club-like organ restricted by massive floral meristems, (f) Development
of club-like organ as head (red arrow) and column (white arrow), (g) the
mature club-like organ. Abbreviation, cl: club-like organ, fm: floral
meristem, ib: involucral bract, ibr: involucellar bracteole, umb:
umbellet.
Fig. 4. The development of an umbellet. (a) Two rings of
unequal staminate flowers initiated. Peripheral floral meristem (pfm) is
larger than inner ones (ifm). The center of umbellet is dome-shaped
(yellow circle), (b) Umbellet fractionate floral primordia
centripetally. All primordia are sessile, undifferentiated and unequal.
The central primordium is the largest one, (c) It starts to initiate the
floral organs late compared with peripheral floral meristems, (d) which
is synchronous with those organs at inner floral primordia, (e)
Synchronization of floral meristems, (f) An umbellets with two types of
staminate flowers that centered on a mature fruit. Abbreviations: cf:
central flower in fruiting, cfm: central floral meristem, if: inner
flower in fruiting, ifm: inner floral meristem, pf: peripheral flower in
fruiting, pfm: peripheral floral meristem.
Fig. 5. The development of a perfect flower. (a) An
undifferentiated round-shaped floral meristem, (b) Floral meristem
expands to opposite side, (c) 1st stamen (St1)
initiated between two consecutive petals, (d) On opposite side,
3rd and 4th petals (P3-P3)
initiated, overlapping with stamen (St2). Subsequently,
5th petal (P4) initiated, overlapping with with stamen
(St3) at lateral side, (e) The last stamens (St4-St5) arise spirally,
(f) Petals and stamens start to enlarge, become prominent (g) Carpel (c)
initiation is synchronized with enlargement of the petals and stamens,
(h) The cavity of the carpel enlarged along with the differentiation of
stamens as filaments (red arrow) and spherical anthers, (i) Mature
perfect flower with well-developed stylopodia (Sty) and ovules (Ov).
Abbreviations, Ov: ovule, C: carpel, P: petal, St: Stamen, Sty:
stylopodium.
Fig. 6. The development of a staminate flower. (a) An
undifferentiated round-shaped floral meristem, (b) First, floral
meristem expands to opposite side, become rhomboid, (c) then, expands at
all sides. Petals initiate subsequently as clockwise direction,
overlapping with 1st stamen (St1), (d) Petal primordia
become prominent, (e) 2nd stamen (St2) initiated,
overlapping with 3rd and 4th petals
(P3-P3). The initiation of 3rd stamen (St3) overlapped
with 5th petals (P1-P4), (f) The rest stamens
(St4-St5) initiated at lateral sides of floral meristem, (g-i)
Subsequent initiation of the sepals at the abaxial side is synchronous
with elongation of the floral organs, (j-k) Carpel (c) start to initiate
along with differentiation of stamens into filaments and spherical
anthers (red arrow), (6l-m) conical and bilabiate stylopodia, (n)
longitudinal section of the carpels indicating that ovaries are empty
and without any ovules remnants.
Abbreviation: see Fig. 5.