Large isotopic shift in volcanic plume CO2 prior to a basaltic
paroxysmal explosion
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is a key gas to monitor at volcanoes because its
fluctuation relative to other gases can be detected prior to eruptions,
yet carbon isotopic fluctuations at volcanic summits are not well
constrained. Here, we present carbon isotopes measured from plume
samples collected at Stromboli volcano, Italy, by Unoccupied Aerial
System (UAS). We found contrasting volcanic source δ13C in 2018 during
quiescence (-0.36 ± 0.59 ‰) versus 10 days before the July 3rd 2019
paroxysm (-5.01 ± 0.56 ‰). During the buildup to the eruption, an influx
of CO2-rich magma began degassing at deep levels (~100
MPa) in an open system fashion, causing strong isotopic fractionation
and maintaining high CO2/St ratios in the gas. This influx occurred
between 10 days prior to the event and up to several months beforehand,
meaning that isotopic changes in the gas could be detected weeks to
months before unrest.