Characteristics |
Outpatient visits in PHC |
Outpatient visits in PHC |
Outpatient visits in PHC |
Outpatient visits in PHC |
|
Inpatient visits
inside the county |
Inpatient visits inside the county |
|
2013 |
2013 |
2018 |
2018 |
|
2018 |
2018 |
|
OR |
95% CI |
OR |
95% CI |
|
OR |
95% CI |
Pairing assistance |
1.45** |
(1.10 - 1.90) |
0.85 |
(0.71 - 1.01) |
|
1.72*** |
(1.32 - 2.24) |
Personal Characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gender (ref. female) |
0.98 |
(0.79 - 1.20) |
0.98 |
(0.84 - 1.14) |
|
1.10 |
(0.89 - 1.36) |
Age (ref. 15-34) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35-59 |
3.39** |
(1.43 - 8.06) |
1.13 |
(0.71 - 1.80) |
|
1.50 |
(0.85 -
2.67) |
≥60 |
6.11*** |
(2.55 - 14.65) |
1.64* |
(1.03 - 2.61) |
|
1.92* |
(1.08
- 3.42) |
Marital status (ref. unmarried) |
0.86 |
(0.64 - 1.15) |
0.82 |
(0.64 -
1.05) |
|
0.82 |
(0.61 - 1.10) |
Education (ref. primary school and below) |
Education (ref. primary
school and below) |
Education (ref. primary school and below) |
Education (ref. primary school and below) |
Education (ref. primary
school and below) |
Education (ref. primary school and below) |
Education (ref. primary school and below) |
Education (ref. primary
school and below) |
Junior middle school |
1.12 |
(0.87 - 1.45) |
0.83* |
(0.70 - 0.99) |
|
0.54*** |
(0.42 - 0.69) |
Senior middle school |
1.18 |
(0.75 - 1.85) |
0.74* |
(0.55 - 0.99) |
|
0.54** |
(0.36 - 0.82) |
College degree and above |
·· |
·· |
1.75 |
(0.38 - 8.14) |
|
0.27 |
(0.06 - 1.21) |
Self-rated health (ref. very poor) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poor |
0.73 |
(0.27 - 1.96) |
1.69* |
(1.05 - 2.71) |
|
0.97 |
(0.54 -
1.74) |
Fair |
1.46 |
(0.56 - 3.80) |
2.06** |
(1.33 - 3.17) |
|
1.13 |
(0.67 -
1.91) |
Good |
1.71 |
(0.66 - 4.44) |
2.58*** |
(1.66 - 4.00) |
|
1.23 |
(0.72 -
2.10) |
Very good |
2.68 |
(1.00 - 7.22) |
2.80*** |
(1.75 - 4.48) |
|
1.64 |
(0.88 - 3.07) |
Household income |
0.89*** |
(0.85 - 0.93) |
0.96** |
(0.93 - 0.99) |
|
0.99 |
(0.95 - 1.02) |
Medical insurance (ref. uninsured) |
0.80 |
(0.29 - 2.22) |
1.68 |
(0.75
- 3.75) |
|
0.47 |
(0.15 - 1.52) |
County characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Area (ref. eastern China) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central China |
0.55*** |
(0.40 - 0.77) |
0.77* |
(0.63 - 0.95) |
|
1.46* |
(1.08 - 1.98) |
Western China |
0.67* |
(0.47 - 0.96) |
1.03 |
(0.84 - 1.28) |
|
0.70* |
(0.51 - 0.96) |
County GDP (million CNY) |
0.86*** |
(0.81 - 0.91) |
0.87*** |
(0.84 -
0.91) |
|
0.99 |
(0.93 - 1.05) |
Ratio of those with bachelor’s degree or above in licensed physicians |
1.01* |
(1.00 - 1.02) |
1.00 |
(0.99 - 1.00) |
|
1.00 |
(1.00 -
1.01) |
Beds for emergency and ICU |
1.00 |
(0.99 - 1.00) |
1.00 |
(1.00 - 1.01) |
|
1.00 |
(0.99 - 1.01) |
Observations |
3,007 |
|
5,849 |
|
|
5,782 |
|
Chow test (PA in 2013 vs PA in 2018) |
Chi-square value=10.43 |
Chi-square
value=10.43 |
P=0.001 |
|
|
·· |
|