Gut immunity is regulated by the gut microbiota, glycans, and the immune system
The GI system has a complex and multifaceted immune regulation. The gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) develop before birth and include mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), appendix, Peyer’s patches, and isolated lymphoid follicles64,65. The gut microbiota and the immune system work together to establish and maintain homeostasis (Fig. 1).