Notes: The relative degree of antibody properties of each generation is displayed using symbol of “+”, the larger number of “+” displayed, the better property possessed. The table is based on a summary of literatures (Ascoli & Aggeler, 2018 ; Baloch et al., 2016 ;Ge et al., 2022 ;Khalili et al., 2013 ;Mullard, 2021 ;Wrapp et al., 2020 ;Yu et al., 2017 ).