Fig. 2 Keywords burstiness and cluster analysis
Notes: (A) Height of each peak represents the frequency of occurrence of
a stated keyword within two years. Different keywords are labelled with
different colour. (B) Cluster labels represent the focus themes of each
cluster.
One of the most striking information reflected from this visualization
is that molecular detection for food safety and increasing application
of newly developed immunoassay technology has become the new research
trends in recent five years.
3.3 Country and Institution
Analysis
A total of 112 countries participated in the study of antibody mimetics
(Fig. 3A). Collaborations among countries were relatively small as the
centrality of all countries are less than 1.00, and most of which were
established after 2007. There were no regular patterns relating to the
geographical locations of different countries in this study. The top
five countries which have strong networking with others were Brazil,
Peru, Netherland, Iraq, and Egypt (centrality value of 0.70, 0.66, 0.53,
0.48, and 0.45). USA, Italy, Japan, Canada, UK, Netherlands, Germany,
Austria, Switzerland, and France contributed to the emergence of
antibody engineering with the earliest publications averaging between
1990 and 1993. And the number of publications in all these countries has
remained consistently high over the past 36 years. Interestingly,
collaborations among these leading countries were extremely rare with
few links established between nodes. China, USA, Germany, Japan, South
Korea were the most productive countries with the highest publication
number of 9615, 5811, 1192, 1103, and 1044, respectively.
A total of 921 links are established between 953 institutions which
involved in the study of antibody mimetics, interestingly,
collaborations among institutions within the same country were much more
intensive than international collaboration (Fig. 3B). In addition,
compared with country analysis, the proportion of the leading
institutions with full colour spectrum was much lower, many institutions
like Harvard University reduced their research in recent five years. The
top five institutions with the highest publication number were all in
China, and many newly emerging institutions were also found in China.
The top five institutions with the greatest paper citation number are
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK
contributing to phage display technology, Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA on
protein engineering and the design of novel scaffolds, Institute of
Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther University Halle-W for
development of artificial binding proteins based on non-antibody
scaffolds and their applications in biotechnology and medicine,
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller
University, New York, USA on synthetic small molecules and
peptidomimetics for the modulation of protein-protein interactions and
therapeutic applications and Department of Biotechnology, Indian
Institute of Technology, Madras, India based on novel scaffolds such as
spider silk.