Comprehensive metabolite profiling of trimetazidine in camels using
high-Resolution accurate mass Spectrometry: implications for doping
control
Abstract
Rationale: Trimetazidine and its metabolites are prohibited
substances in sports. With a growing number of adverse findings in human
athletes, it is crucial to develop doping control strategies that
include screening for trimetazidine in animal sports. This study aims to
detect and characterize trimetazidine and its metabolites for doping
control in camel racing. Methods: Camel urine and plasma
samples were collected from four healthy animals following a single oral
dose of trimetazidine. invitro studies utilized camel liver cells.
Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE)
techniques were employed for the extraction of trimetazidine metabolites
from plasma and urine matrices, the metabolites were analyzed using a
thermo Orbitrap exploris LCMS system with optimized settings to achieve
maximum sensitivity and accurate mass measurements. Results:
Comprehensive metabolite profiling of trimetazidine in camels revealed
the identification of seven phase I and five phase II metabolites. Phase
I metabolites were primarily formed through delakylation, while phase II
metabolites were dominated by glucuronide conjugation of demethylated
trimetazidine. The findings provided insights into the distinct
metabolic pathways and biotransformation patterns of trimetazidine in
camels under the experimental conditions. Conclusion: The
developed method enables detection and characterization of trimetazidine
and its metabolites in camels. The identified metabolites have the
potential to serve as biomarkers for trimetazidine abuse in camel racing
.this study provides valuable insights into the metabolism of
trimetazidine in camels.