Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI)
MAD diagnosis was confirmed with CMR analysis. Systolic displacement of mitral leaflet(s) at least 2 mm away from the annulus was determined as the lowest limit for diagnosis, as defined earlier (1). MAD length is measured in the sagittal views as the distance between the leaflet insertion on the detached annulus and the left ventricle border. All CMR examinations were performed on a 1.5T scanner (Aera Siemens Medical system, Erlangen,Germany) using a phased-array body coil. All patients were monitored during the procedure. The sequences were acquired using prospective cardiac gating. All acquisitions used balanced steady-state free precession cine sequence with the following typical parameters: TR/TE 3.8/1-3ms, slice thicknes 8mm with 2mm interclice gap, voxel size 1.8mmx1.8mmx6mm and acquired temporal resolution 40ms.