Study design
The exploratory and untargeted urinary peptidomic approach in this study, was conducted to analyze the effect of GLP-1R agonist treatment on the urinary peptidome of T2DM patients, as illustrated in Figure 1. Briefly, urine samples from thirty-two T2DM patients collected at two time points: pre-treatment and post-treatment, with a time interval of 11.5 ± 3.72 months in between were analyzed. Intervention with GLP-1R agonist was introduced at 4.4 ± 4.11 months from pre-treatment visit and the treatment duration until the post-treatment visit was 6.9 ± 3.59 months.