Global compression of the plasma sheet and magnetotail during intense
storms from THEMIS observations
Abstract
We estimate the global impact of storms on the global structure and
dynamics of the nightside plasma sheet (PS) from observations by the
NASA mission THEMIS. We focus on an intense storm occurring in December
2015 triggered by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). It
starts with a storm sudden commencement (SSC) phase
(SYM-H~+50nT) followed by a growth phase
(SYM-H~-188nT at the minimum) and then a long recovery
phase. We investigate THEMIS observations when the spacecraft were
located in the midnight sector of the PS at distances typically between
8 and 13RE. It is found that the PS has been globally compressed up to a
value of about~>4nPa during the SSC and
main phases, i.e. 8 times larger than its value during the quiet phase
before the event. This compression occurs during periods of high dynamic
pressure in the ICME (20nPa) about one order of magnitude larger than
its value in the pristine solar wind. We infer a global increase of the
lobe magnetic field from 30nT to 100nT, confirmed by THEMIS data just
outside the PS. During the SSC and main phases, the PS is found thinner
by a factor of 2 relative to its thickness at quiet times, while the
Tsyganenko T96 magnetic field model shows very stretched magnetic field
lines from inner magnetospheric regions toward the nightside. During the
recovery phase, whereas the interplanetary pressure has dropped off, the
PS tends to gradually recover its quiet phase characteristics (pressure,
thickness, magnetic configuration, etc) during a long recovery phase.