not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), which is one of the respiratory complications of cystic fibrosis, is a hypersensitivity reaction in the lung against the antigens of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus ( A.fumigatus). If left untreated, it may cause irreversible deteriorations in lung functions. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of ABPA, according to years and to determine the risk factors leading to the development of ABPA by using the CF Registry System of Turkey data. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Using the CF Registry System of Turkey data, the incidence of ABPA was determined and the data of 44 patients newly diagnosed with ABPA in 2022 and 132 patients with similar mutation weight and age range without ABPA diagnosis in that year were compared, and the risk factors affecting the development of ABPA were determined. Results: Low pulmonary function test values, having had at least one pulmonary exacerbation in that year and receiving intravenous antibiotic treatment, using inhaled antibiotics, having a high number of pulmonary exacerbations, having Pseudomonas aeroginosa (P.aeroginosa) colonization, having a low body mass index (BMI) and having cystic fibrosis related diabetes mellitus (CFRD) were found to be among the risk factors for the development of ABPA. Conclusions: Early recognition and treatment of ABPA is essential to prevent further damage to the lungs. Patients with frequent pulmonary exacerbations, low BMI and low pulmonary function test values, chronic colonization should definitely be considered for ABPA.

Chronic cough is one of the most common complaints of childhood to consult a doctor. There are many causes such as respiratory tract infections, gastroesophageal reflux, persistent bacterial bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, congenital malformations, and foreign body aspiration in children under the age of five. However, neither transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) among the causes of chronic cough, nor chronic cough among the application complaints of THI are not questioned. In this study, we aimed to draw attention to the role of THI in the etiology of chronic cough under the age of five. Our study included 55 pediatric patients under the age of five who applied to the pediatric pulmonary diseases outpatient clinic in between January 2015 and December 2020 with the complaint of chronic cough, who were excluded from other causes of chronic cough in etiology, and who met the criteria for THI according to the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID). Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and follow-ups of these patients were reviewed retrospectively. In our study, the mean age of 55 patients at admission was 21.73 ± 11.50 months (median age: 18 months), and the mean age of IgG recovery was 38.65 ± 16.81 months. The mean recovery time was 16.93 ± 12.85 months. Of the patients, 22.4% had a history of consanguinity, 23.4% had prematurity, and 18.2% had a frequent sickness in siblings. The most common complaint accompanying chronic cough in patients was frequent respiratory tract infection, 16.3%. Along with IgG, 26.4% of the patients had low IgA and 31.5% had low IgM in laboratory testing. In antibody responses, isohemagglutinin, anti-tetanus, anti-pneumococcal, anti-HBs vaccine responses were found to be positive in 90.6%, 63.9%, 66.7% and 97.7% of the cases, respectively. 72.7% of the patients received inhaler treatment, 45.5% received antibiotic prophylaxis, and 2.2% received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment. After the IgG value of the patients returned to normal, it was observed that 86.3% of the patients’ cough complaint have disappeared. Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy mostly presents with recurrent lower and upper respiratory tract infections. The most common complaint is cough. It is not questioned whether the cough is chronic or not. In this study, we aimed to investigate the follow-up and prognosis of patients under the age of five who had a chronic cough complaint, when other causes of cough were ruled out and THI was detected. In the study, when the IgG levels of the patients return to normal, the cough complaints disappear to a large extent, showing that THI may also be among the causes of chronic cough.