Type of fault Wave correlation Identification results Protection operation
f1
Positive correlation, high similarity
Internal fault
P4P5 operation
f2
Positive correlation, high similarity
Internal fault
N4N5 operation
f3
Positive correlation, high similarity
Internal fault
P4P5N4 and N5 operation
f4
Positive correlation, high similarity
Internal fault
P4P5N4 and N5 operation
f5
Negative correlation, low similarity
External fault
No operation
f6
Negative correlation, low similarity
External fault
No operation
f7
Negative correlation, low similarity
External fault
No operation
f8
Negative correlation, low similarity
External fault
No operation