\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{A Critical Activist Orientation Predicts Lower Latent Anti-disability
Bias}



\author[1]{Donnan Gravelle}%
\author[2]{Jeremy E.  Sawyer}%
\author[3]{Gavin Rualo}%
\author[1]{Patricia Brooks}%
\affil[1]{College of Staten Island}%
\affil[2]{City University of New York}%
\affil[3]{Staten Island Technical High School}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 29, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
INTRODUCTION: Despite legal efforts to reduce societal barriers, people
with disabilities still face anti-disability bias, stereotyping, and
stigma. According to the social movement hypothesis, people's
participation in and identification with activist movements may reduce
bias towards social outgroups. Alternatively, people's intergroup
attitudes and bias may influence their participation in activist
activities. METHODS: This study used structural equation modeling to
investigate whether reduced bias towards people with disabilities is
associated with critical activism and/or personal, familial, or work
experience with disability. Undergraduates (N = 497) completed an online
survey including measures of anti-disability bias, critical activist
orientation, experience with disability, and demographic
characteristics. RESULTS: The relation between having a critical
activist orientation and lower anti-disability bias was bidirectional,
suggesting reciprocal influences between individual-level attitudes and
participation in social movements. Aligning with intergroup contact
theory, personal and familial experience with disability correlated with
reduced anti-disability bias, and familial and work experience with
having a critical activist orientation. Male gender correlated with
increased anti-disability bias, and male gender, White race, and higher
social class with lower endorsements of a critical activist orientation.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that disability experience and social
status influence critical activist identity, which predicts lower bias.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Critical Activism Submission.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/615283/articles/641778-a-critical-activist-orientation-predicts-lower-latent-anti-disability-bias}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

