Conclusion
Uncontrolled bleeding of the bladder mucosa may warrant prompt
intervention in selected equine cases. In our experience, the topical
application of CSP in such cases is supported by its effectiveness at
rapidly reducing bleeding and promoting mucosal healing, easiness of
application, low cost, and safety profile. This is the first report of
trans-endoscopic treatment for bleeding control in equine patients
presenting with bladder haemorrhage. Further studies will have to be
performed to determine the safety profile of CSP in the equine species,
as well as its potential application as an adjunctive therapy in cases
of hollow organ bleeding.