Results Developing a population PK model using ChatGPT
Based on the literature review provided by ChatGPT, typical clearance (CL) of FVIII in haemophilia A adults with a body weight of 70kg range between 2.5-3.5 dL/h depending on various factors such as age and health status. ChatGPT also suggested that the volume of distribution for a 70kg patient can range between 40-60 dL. We found that these PK parameters are consistent with previous studies. For example, one study by Björkman et al. found a CL of 2.3 dL/h and a V of 37.1 dL based on adults of 70kg16. Another study by McEneny-king and colleagues estimated a CL of 2.4-3.24 dL/h and a V of 35.4-46.2 dL , also based on adults of 70kg17. Based on the estimates provided by ChatGPT and the previous literature, we chose 2.5 dL/h and 40 dL as typical PK estimates for CL and V, respectively. Next, ChatGPT was queried to produce a population PK model in R using the previous typical PK estimates. The R code that ChatGPT generated for the base population PK model is displayed in figure 1. Not only does ChatGPT produce functional code, it also gives an explanation of how it works. Initially, the R code sets the initial FVIII level is zero, assuming no dose was given. If a dose was administered, the initial FVIII level (represented by C_0 in the code) as the dose divided by V. We then iteratively asked ChatGPT to add components to the model. ChatGPT understood how to normalize the PK parameters to body weight using allometric scaling and how to include a baseline FVIII level (F0) as a parameter, as shown in figure 2.