Inhibitory transmission and anesthetic agents
GABA is the major inhibitory transmitter throughout the CNS (Figure 3). Most of inhibitory effects are mediated by postsynaptic GABAA subtype receptors, including its role in anesthesia and inhibition of consciousness. With the key cortical and subcortical regions that contribute to consciousness, GABAA receptor-mediated major inhibitory action. Inhibition of excitatory transmission by activating GABAA receptors likely led to widespread inhibition of neural transmission. Most commonly used anesthetic agents such as propofol, etomidate, thiopental, and isoflurane act through GABAA receptors (Brohan & Goudra, 2017; Hemmingset al. , 2019). The proposed targets include endogenous sleep circuits, and ascending arousal pathways (Hemmings, 2017). With the ACC, it has been reported that ACC pyramidal neurons receive local inhibitory modulation (Cao et al. , 2010; Bliss et al. , 2016).