Multi Satellite Observation of a Foreshock Bubble Causing an Extreme
Magnetopause Expansion
Abstract
The interaction of a solar wind discontinuity with the backstreaming
particles of the Earth’s ion foreshock can generate hot, tenuous plasma
transients such as foreshock bubbles (FB) and hot flow anomalies (HFA).
These transients are known to have strong effects on the magnetosphere,
distorting the magnetopause (MP), either locally during HFAs or globally
during FBs. However, previous studies on the global impact of FBs have
not been able to determine whether the response stems directly from the
transverse scale size of the phenomenon or its fast motion over the
magnetosphere. Here we present the observation of an FB and its impact
on the magnetosphere from different spacecraft scattered over the
dayside magnetosphere. We are able to constrain the size of the
transverse scale of an FB from direct observations to be about 10
$R_\mathrm{E}$. We further suggest that a
combination of this scale and the motion of the FB over the MP is
responsible for the previously reported global response of the dayside
magnetosphere.