Essential Site Maintenance: Authorea-powered sites will be updated circa 15:00-17:00 Eastern on Tuesday 5 November.
There should be no interruption to normal services, but please contact us at [email protected] in case you face any issues.

loading page

A comparative assessment of the distribution of Joule heating in altitude as estimated in TIE-GCM and EISCAT over one solar cycle
  • +5
  • Dimitris Baloukidis,
  • Theodore E. Sarris,
  • Stelios Tourgaidis,
  • Panagiotis I. Pirnaris,
  • Anita T. Aikio,
  • Ilkka I. Virtanen,
  • Stephan Christoph Buchert,
  • Konstantinos Papadakis
Dimitris Baloukidis
Democritus University of Thrace
Author Profile
Theodore E. Sarris
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

Author Profile
Stelios Tourgaidis
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace
Author Profile
Panagiotis I. Pirnaris
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace
Author Profile
Anita T. Aikio
University of Oulu
Author Profile
Ilkka I. Virtanen
University of Oulu
Author Profile
Stephan Christoph Buchert
Swedish Institute of Space Phyics
Author Profile
Konstantinos Papadakis
University of Helsinki
Author Profile

Abstract

During geomagnetically active times, Joule heating in the Lower Thermosphere - Ionosphere is a significant energy source, greatly affecting density, temperature, composition and circulation. At the same time, Joule heating and the associated Pedersen conductivity are amongst the least known parameters in the upper atmosphere in terms of their quantification and spatial distribution, and their parameterization by geomagnetic parameters shows large discrepancies between estimation methodologies, primarily due to a lack of comprehensive measurements in the region where they maximize. In this work we perform a long-term statistical comparison of Joule heating as calculated by the NCAR Thermosphere - Ionosphere - Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) and as obtained through radar measurements by the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT). Statistical estimates of Joule heating and Pedersen conductivity are obtained from a simulation run over the 11 year period spanning from 2009 until 2019 and from radar measurements over the same period, during times of radar measurements. The results are statistically compared in different Magnetic Local Time sectors and Kp level ranges in terms of median values and percentiles of altitude profiles. It is found that Joule heating and Pedersen conductivity are higher on average in TIE-GCM than in EISCAT for low Kp and are lower than EISCAT for high Kp. It is also found that neutral winds cannot account for the discrepancies between TIE-GCM and EISCAT. Comparisons point towards the need for a Kp-dependent parameterization of Joule heating in TIE-GCM to account for the contribution of small scale effects.
29 Mar 2023Submitted to ESS Open Archive
04 Apr 2023Published in ESS Open Archive