Results:
Table I summarizes the patient characteristics and TEE data for the
control cohort and the thrombus cohort for the 61 matched pairs.
Univariate analysis showed a significant difference (p = 0.0285) between
the cohorts in LVEF with the control group (50.4% ± 1.5) having greater
left ventricular systolic function compared to the thrombus group
(45.1% ± 1.8). There were no significant differences between the
thrombus and control cohorts in age at TEE (69.1 ± 1.7 vs 71.0 ± 1.4 p =
0.3885), sex (p = 0.2694), BMI (30.2 ± 1.1 vs 32.9 ± 1.1 p = 0.0784),
pulmonary artery systolic pressure (37.9 ± 1.7 vs 38.3 ± 1.7 p =
0.8529), CHA2DS2-VASc Score (4.5 ± 0.3 vs 4.1 ± 0.2 p = 0.2485), rates
of hypertension (95.1% vs 91.8% p = 0.4645), diabetes (39.3% vs
27.9% p = 0.1797), stroke, TIA, or thromboembolism (26.2% vs 24.6% p
= 0.8353), peripheral arterial disease (31.15% vs 44.3% p = 0.1351),
myocardial infarction (24.6% vs 18.0% p = 0.3765), coronary artery
disease (55.8% vs 41.0% p = 0.1030), LA volume index (50.9 ± 2.1 vs
48.9 ± 1.7 p = 0.4685), therapeutic anticoagulation status at TEE
(98.4% vs 98.4% p = 1.0000), or sinus rhythm at TEE (8.20% vs 8.20%
p = 1.0000). There were significant differences between the thrombus and
control cohorts in ostial area at 0 and 90 degrees (231.7 ± 13.0 vs
328.6 ± 12.9 p <0.0001), ostial area at 45 and 135 degrees
(229.3 ± 12.6 vs 336.4 ± 14.1 p <0.0001), ostial area at the
largest diameter (239.0 ± 12.1 vs 356.3 ± 13.5 p <0.0001),
aggregate ostial area (223.3 ± 11.0 vs 334.2 ± 12.4 p
<0.0001), maximum LAA depth (26.7 ± 0.7 vs 29.4 ± 0.7 p =
0.0088), and LAA exit velocity (24.7 ± 1.6 vs 37.9 ± 2.6 p
<0.0001).
Table I. Univariate Analysis of Patient Characteristics and TEE Data