Sensitivity of Antarctic Bottom Water formation and export to horizontal
model resolution
Abstract
The formation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is a key process in the
global ocean circulation, but modelling the formation and downslope flow
of AABW represents an ongoing challenge for ocean and climate models due
to the high horizontal resolution required. Here, we assess the
formation and export of AABW to the abyss and its sensitivity to
horizontal model resolution in a circumpolar ocean-sea ice model
available at horizontal resolutions of 1/10°, 1/20° and 1/40°. The AABW
transport across the 1000 m isobath of the Antarctic continental slope
increases by 27% with 1/20° resolution compared to 1/10°, but there is
no further transport increase at 1/40° resolution. This resolution
dependency is strongest in the Ross and Weddell Seas, the two most
important regions of AABW formation. The higher AABW export at 1/20°
compared to 1/10° resolution is due to formation of denser waters on the
continental shelf and less diapycnal mixing during the downslope flow.
This has effects downstream in the abyss of the Australian Antarctic
Basin which is better ventilated in the 1/20° case. We conclude that a
horizontal resolution of 1/20° is sufficient to simulate AABW formation
and export, in agreement with theory of the downslope flow of dense
plumes.