The role of injection method on residual trapping: bridging scales from
centimeter to decimeter samples
Abstract
The injection of CO2 into subsurface reservoirs provides a long term
solution for anthropogenic emissions. A variable injection rate (such as
ramping the flow rate up or down) provides flexibility to injection
sites, and could influence the amount of residual trapping. Observations
made in cm-scale samples showed that starting at a low flow rate
established a flow pathway across the core, leading to a long term
reduction in pore space utilization, as increases in flux were
accommodated with little change in saturation. In this work we assess
the scalability of these observations by performing experiments with
variable injection rates in larger samples: 5 cm diameter and 12 cm
length, compared to 2.5 cm diameter and 4.5 cm length in our previous
work (Spurin et al., 2024). We observed that starting at a low flow rate
did not lead to a long term reduction in pore space utilization. Instead
saturation increased significantly with increased flux, leading to a
higher pore space utilization than experiments where injection started
with the higher flow rate. The difference in observations depending on
sample size and the role of heterogeneity highlights potential
uncertainties in upscaling experimental observations to field-scale
applications.