The interaction wolf*snow was significant, indicating that in the presence of wolves, snow depth decreased the probability of survival (Fig. 3). However, the probability of calf survival was higher with increasing snow depth in the absence of wolves (Fig. 3). The probability of survival was negatively correlated to the proportion of young forests present within the mother’s home range. Harvest density was not related to autumn-winter calf survival, but survival probability was higher for calves of stationary females compared to calves of migrating females (Fig. 4).