Morphological and taxonomic diversity of mesozooplankton is an important
driver of carbon export fluxes in the ocean
Abstract
Mesozooplankton is a very diverse group of small animals ranging in size
from 0.2 to 20 mm not able to swim against ocean currents. It is a key
component of pelagic ecosystems through its roles in the trophic
networks and the biological carbon pump. Traditionally studied through
microscopes, recent methods have been however developed to rapidly
acquire large amounts of data (morphological, molecular) at the
individual scale, making it possible to study mesozooplankton using a
trait-based approach. Here, combining quantitative imaging with
metabarcoding time-series data obtained in the Sargasso Sea at the
Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site, we showed that
organisms’ transparency might be an important trait to also consider
regarding mesozooplankton impact on carbon export, contrary to the
common assumption that just size is the master trait directing most
mesozooplankton-linked processes. Three distinct communities were
defined based on taxonomic composition, and succeeded one another
throughout the study period, with changing levels of transparency among
the community. A co-occurrences’ network was built from metabarcoding
data revealing six groups of taxa. These were related to changes in the
functioning of the ecosystem and/or in the community’s morphology. The
importance of Diel Vertical Migration at BATS was confirmed by the
existence of a group made of taxa known to be strong migrators. Finally,
we assessed if metabarcoding can provide a quantitative approach to
biomass and/or abundance of certain taxa. Knowing more about
mesozooplankton diversity and its impact on ecosystem functioning would
allow to better represent them in biogeochemical models.